Targeted drug delivery utilizing nanoshells has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) compounds fabricated with titanium nodes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for a wide range of applications. These materials possess exceptional physical properties, including high conductivity, tunable band gaps, and good stability. The remarkable combination

Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Interestingly, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a pressing concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a specialized type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared